The ams OSRAM VCSEL (Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser) technology includes the epitaxial structure and chip design, epitaxial growth, front- and back-end processing, packaging and advanced testing and simulations. Future generations of optical wireless communication and sensing systems require compact, low-cost, reliable, and highly efficient light sources capable of transmitting modulated beams across free space at gigabit per second (Gbps) data rates and pulsed beams with sub-nanosecond rise and fall. Surface-emitting lasers offer flexibility and reliability. These include: These features make VCSELs better suited to a wide range of applications than conventional edge-emitting diode lasers and. Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) technology has become an indispensable element in optical communication systems and optoelectronics due to its many advantages, and the unique characteristics of VCSELs, including vertical emission, high-speed operation, and low power consumption, have. Emerging photonics technologies will be critical for next generation high performance spacecraft which may include sensor applications generating unprecedented amounts of data. For example, future high resolution multi-wavelength sensor systems will require intensive data transfer and routing. Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) having a small aperture and operating in a single transverse mode (SM) are known to reach high relaxation oscillation frequencies of 30-90GHz and, thus, can offer intrinsic modulation bandwidth beyond 100GHz, once photon damping and electric.